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Fossil remains found in Olduvai Gorge show that prehistoric life existed in the northern part of Tanzania.
A lot of indigenous groups existed in the interior but little is known about them. Arabs were the earliest known visitors
to the coast, and were mainly interested in trade. In search of slaves to trade, the Arabs explored the interior and found
ivory. The Arabs progressed inward until they came into conflict with Mirambo, an African chief who cut the Arab's trade
routes when they refused to pay him tribute.
The Portuguese arrived in the late 15th century and gained power taking over the entire coast which the Arabs had inhabited.
But they didn't last long because with help from the Arabs in the 18th century, the indigenous groups drove the Portuguese
out.
The British began exploring in the 1840's in Tanganyika. Soon after that the Germans arrived in the 1880's. Then in
1886, the Anglo-German Agreement divided the interior of East Africa between the British and the Germans. Germans helped
develop coffee, rubber industries, schools, and a railroad. Colonial rule did not agree on many matters of the indigenous
or Arab groups, and many uprisings like the Maji Maji Rebellion in 1905 occurred.
In 1919, after World War I ended, the Treaty of Versailles awarded Britain a League of Nations to take Tanganyika from
the Germans. The British remained in control until a few years after World War II. In 1947 Tanganyika was placed under the
United Nations (U.N.) trusteeship.
Britain was given the task of developing Tanganyika's political scene. In December 1959, Britain approved a recommendation
that moved Tanganyika toward a self-government, In 1961, the independent Tanganyika emerged with Nyerere as its prime minister,
who had founded the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU).
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Zanzibar
's History
Zanzibar is an island that lies beyond the eastern coast of Tanganyika. The earliest people on Zanzibar's
land were the indigenous groups that migrated from the African continent. In 1503, the Portuguese forced Zanzibar to pay
an annual tribute. If they did not do this, they were severely punished. When Zanzibar was ruled by the Arabs in 1806-1856,
Zanzibar became an important center for commerce in East Africa and the Indian Ocean.
Under the Treaty of Heligoland in 1890, Zanzibar was placed under British rule. In 1913, the British Colonial Office
took over the responsibility of Zanzibar. In December 1963, the British granted Zanzibar independence. In April 1964, Tanganyika
and Zanzibar joined together to become the United Republic of Tanzania and Zanzibar. In October 1964, the Republic was renamed
the United Republic of Tanzania.
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This is a picture of Julius Nyerere.
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